Conclusion
After exploring Joo Chiat the past few weeks, we have found a lot about Joo Chiat. We have based our explorations mainly around the stretch of Joo Chiat Road and Katong and the surrounding areas.
Joo Chiat can be broadly sectioned into three parts. There is the Katong area, with its rich Peranakan and Eurasian culture; the area near Geylang, which has strong Malay influences, a spillover effect from Geylang (we didn’t manage to explore that area though); and the middle section, which has ‘Little Vietnam’ and a whole lot of other stuff.
As we can see, ‘Little Vietnam’ is a rather small area within Joo Chiat and the name cannot be generalized to the entire area. Also, the place is not yet deserving of its name because there are still missing elements necessary to truly re-create the Vietnamese culture in Joo Chiat.
In addition, even within these broad categorical areas of Peranakan, Eurasian, Vietnamese, etc. There is no clear-cut distinction from one area to the next. Joo Chiat is a mish mash of way too many elements, in which things of total opposites can be neighbours. Popular culture and high culture (when we visited Black Earth Art Gallery, the coffee shop opposite was bustling with the lunch crowd); holy and debauchery (karaoke joints and pubs were found in close vicinity to churches and temples); holiness versus holiness (churches and temples of the different religions are found near each other; one temple can house more than one type of Buddhism).
It is also a place in transition as tradition battles modernity. Traditional shophouses and landmarks are also constantly being torn down to make way for modern buildings. Many walk-in condominiums were traditional shophouses bought over by developers and torn down to build these walk-in condominiums. Traditional things are being interpreted in new ways, such as the very existence of Peranakan restaurants. And traditional shophouses undergo renovation and are transformed into new spaces and given a new lease of life as posh residential districts (Lotus at Joo Chiat Place), art galleries, and boutique hotels (Hotel 81, Peranakan Hotel).
The blurring of boundaries was not a recent phenomenon either. Even in colonial times, when Joo Chiat was known for being a Peranakan and Eurasian enclave, such racial boundaries were not so distinct. (There was a sizable Ceylon Tamil community in the area as well).
Singapore has been described as a mixing pot for the different cultures, and Joo Chiat is the very representation of Singapore. This is a place where you can find people from all around the world, each bringing a little of their culture and adding it to the mix. Each culture is distinct in their own sense, but also, to a certain extent, the cultures have blended together to form a totally eclectic mix.
So is Joo Chiat ‘Little Vietnam’? No. It isn’t. Joo Chiat, is a little bit of this, a little bit of that, and a whole lot of unique.
DATE: Friday, March 23, 2012
TIME: ||1:39 PM ||
Nuttaphon's Reflection
I came to Singapore 2 years ago and I did not go outside of the campus much. This time, I went to Joo Chiat to do my group project. We decided to work on the Vietnamese that dominate Joo Chiat, as well as the other races living around the area.
The first time, when we drove to Joo Chiat road, I saw the Peranakan buildings and Vietnamese buildings around this area. In Thailand, we do not have an area where others races would dominate, like this place.
My group told me that Joo Chiat was called a “Little Vietnam”. When we walked around the street finding information, I saw many Vietnamese restaurants and Vietnamese stores and everyone spoke Vietnamese and most of the customers were Vietnamese too. Joo Chiat was a place for
delicious food. There are many kinds of food in this area such as Vietnamese food, Chinese food, seafood and Peranakan food.
My group asked me about laksa that I quite like to eat in daily life. They said that Katong has a famous laksa that I should try. They treated me to the Katong laksa. That was very interesting. The noodles were cut into little pieces. They told me that previously, people did not have a table for eating and the customers had to stand while eating laksa. Hence, the noodles are cut because the customers will be able to eat it with a spoon.
For me, I wonder how people live and how they dominate this place. Compared with Thailand, some parts of Bangkok have also been influenced by other races, but it is not like Joo Chiat. In Thailand, everyone speaks Thai and everyone is Thai.
On the other hand, in Joo Chiat, the other races came from their own country and live in this place like it is a new home.
This project was a very good experience for me. I am a music student and I do not have much time to go outside. This time, I have learnt much more information about Singapore, especially about Joo Chiat. This makes me really enjoy learning about Southeast Asia. It also teaches me
about how many different races can live together in a small place like Joo Chiat.
DATE:
TIME: ||12:08 PM ||
Kristie's Reflection
My Home
I moved to Joo Chiat when I was 8 and have lived here ever since. Looking back, I have lived here for more than half my life. Joo Chiat is home.
Starting this project, finding out about Joo Chiat’s rich colonial history, the strong holds Peranakan tradition has on it, and how it’s been nicknamed Little Vietnam, honestly speaking, I was surprised. I’d never known! Sure, I know of the colonial buildings in the area (I used to pass them every day on my way to school) and I knew of Peranakan and Vietnamese eateries in the vicinity, but weren’t they all over Singapore? Besides, I had never noticed a particularly large congregation of Vietnamese in the area.
Perhaps my ignorance was caused by my blind unawareness. After all, Joo Chiat is the place that I grew up in. I spent a considerable part of my formative years walking along its streets, wandering from shophouse to shophouse, wandering and eating (food hunting was and still is a hobby of mine, an especially good hobby since I live in close proximity to such a wide variety of delicious food). Perhaps I took home for granted, never giving much thought to it. Joo Chiat was always just there, a place that was called home. But I have never truly thought what Joo Chiat meant to others.
Exploring Joo Chiat with the rest of the group, I found myself looking out at this familiar scenery with brand new eyes, forming new revelations about these things that I have seen countless times over the years. I noticed that though Chinese in origin, many of the shophouses in Joo Chiat had Peranakan motives found in the floor tiles, walls, doors… The colonial bungalows, were not simply colonial bungalows, they were seaside bungalows (for before reclamation took place Joo Chiat was just by the sea), meant for luxury and relaxation of the wealthy. I shocked myself, noticing the prevalence of Vietnamese eateries that could be found along Joo Chiat. Along a street peppered with Vietnamese eateries, we found a characteristic Vietnamese conical hat tied to a bicycle parked outside a shophouse. It’s one thing for an area to have many Vietnamese eateries, but to even have the traditional clothing! It really told me that this was Little Vietnam.
And all these, I would NEVER have noticed had I not been paying attention. I thought I knew Joo Chiat like the back of my hand but I guess I didn’t. I’m only just discovering what Joo Chiat is as a place other than just being my home.
DATE:
TIME: ||9:29 AM ||
Irtiza's Reflection
Visiting Joo Chiat was a very weird experience for me. I have been living in this country for the past 18 years of my life but it was the first time I felt like a stranger in a new country. My parents migrated here when I was 4 and I am pretty much bred a Singaporean and I love every part of being Singaporean. I have always grown up in north and most of my schools were located in the central area so the east side was something very “ulu” for me.
I must say that the first time I stepped into Joo Chiat I discovered a new side of Singapore. One that showed how Southeast Asia came together in a country so small. It had Vietnamese, Thai, Cambodian and colonial influence all over the place. The
architecture, especially the old shophouses really intrigued me. Moreover, how people from Southeast Asia actually brought their cuisines over was especially refreshing. The taste of different parts of Southeast Asia being available in Singapore made me appreciate Joo Chiat even more. It’s definitely the number one location in my list for food hunts now.
It was also very enriching as I have a group member who’s been staying there for majority of her life. She was actually able to tell us which part was reclaimed and she was able to direct us to the old abandoned colonial houses. This assisted us greatly as it felt like a local was bringing us around in a field trip. It was an eye-opening project and I hope that after this, I have learnt to enjoy this one from a more tourist point of view then an academic one.
DATE: Thursday, March 22, 2012
TIME: ||6:24 PM ||
Debbie's Reflection
A Foreign Area
I grew up living in west/central area. Places in the east are very foreign to me. My parents do not bring me to the east and I personally do not have many chances to explore into those areas. This was the first time that I visited Joo Chiat and explored it on my own (and of course with some of my friends).
Hearing that Joo Chiat Road was a Little Vietnam was pretty surprising to me. Though I always knew that Singapore have many foreigners, it never came across my mind that there would be an area that is actually “flooded” by just a single country. I was also fascinated by the fact that there are colonial buildings in Singapore. I have probably seen them on TV shows but in real life, this was my first time!
Walking down Joo Chiat Road, I realized that the street is actually quite empty. Very different from what I thought it would be. Most of the shops were not open in the afternoon and there are rarely any people or cars along the street. In the day, it is very hard to see that Joo Chiat is actually a Little Vietnam. Though there were quite a few Vietnamese restaurants, in which some were really very popular amongst the Vietnamese, they do not dominate the whole place. The restaurants were separated by a few other shops. In addition, there are other restaurants such as Peranakan and western restaurants which were noticeable too.
By just walking down the street in the day, I guessed it’s impossible to convince me that Joo Chiat Road is becoming little Vietnam. Although Vietnamese culture seems more dominant in Joo Chiat as compared to the other parts of Singapore, I feel that it is more of a hybrid of the different kind of cultures rather than just solely Little Vietnam. I feel that more research needed to be done, and visiting Joo Chiat at a different time of the day was necessary in order to truly understand how Joo Chiat Road is like.
After my second visit this time at night I was truly convinced that Joo Chiat is to a certain extent Little Vietnam. This research has made me feel as though I’m actually living in a cave. Singapore
may be small, but there are many interesting places like Joo Chiat Road waiting to be rediscovered. There are many stories that can be told, such as the Peranakan culture seen in Joo Chiat.
I was rather surprised that Joo Chiat Road is indeed a red light district, other than famous Geylang and Changi Village. Walking down the streets at night is a totally different scene. The pavements which were empty in the day were filled with mostly Vietnamese girls who were skimpily dressed and stood outside the bars trying their best to attract more customers. Many of the eateries were also open and they were filled with customers. The roads were also busier as cars streamed by for one reason or another.
We also did some research on the internet and we realized that Joo Chiat Road is actually dying off. This came as a surprised to me as I always thought that Joo Chiat road was a very crowded place. Though I do not frequently go to Joo Chiat, I always hear that Joo Chiat has a lot of
good food. The queues at these stalls were long. How is it possible that Joo Chiat is actually dying? After thinking about it, why not? Joo Chiat is a popular red light district and it is hard to set up a business there, due to the nature of the place. Hence business opportunists tend to shy away from such places over fear of unwanted attention. It seems like the Vietnamese population is growing in the area. I wouldn’t be surprised that Joo Chiat road may become Little Vietnam in time to come.
DATE:
TIME: ||4:07 PM ||
Chikako's Reflection
My First Visit to Joo Chiat
I have been in Singapore for over 6 months and I have gone to different places in Singapore. Recently, I visited an area called Joo Chiat for the first time. From my impression of Singapore, it is a country like the city of Osaka in Japan, which has lots of city side, and a bit of countryside and it has a good balance (not like Tokyo which has only buildings and no greens;)). Where I have
been in Singapore is probably called “city side” and I would call Joo Chiat the “countryside” of Singapore.
By visiting Joo Chiat, I found that it has lots of religion related buildings and objects. Walking around Joo Chiat with group members, we found a building with lots of statues. It actually reminded me of the time I went for school trip in Kesennuma city in Japan. I don’t know if the place is still alive as the place got badly affected by the earthquake and tsunami. Anyway, statues
aren’t normally seen everywhere as I have never seen such a thing in my home town. Actually, I have never gone to a different city where it has temples or area that are related to religion. What I thought was that people start to live in a place because what they want a relation to their religion.
Also, we could see the beautiful buildings which are very colourful and pretty. These buildings are not just colourful and pretty like new buildings; something about them makes it historical. I asked one of my members and I found that they are buildings that are the culture of Peranakan. It was very interesting to see the buildings showing the culture because I don’t think there are buildings to show the Japanese culture. In Japan, you can see buildings more on historical
(like Kumamoto, Osaka, Himeji Castle) but not cultural context.
We also found the area that had a traditional Vietnamese hat tied on a bicycle. Around that area, it had few Vietnamese restaurants. I wondered if that was the area that is called “little Vietnam”. It is interesting that in Singapore, there are “little India”, China town, and “little Vietnam” and I had a little hope that has “Little Japan”, but I guess not, as the Japanese society in Singapore is not as big as Chinese, Malays, and Indians.
Visiting Joo Chiat was completely new experience for me, and was very interesting. While we were visiting there, I got to try the food called Laksa. I have never eaten it before and I really liked it! Apparently that was the best Laksa you can get in Singapore so I was so lucky. :). The visits have really given me a new understanding of Singapore and increased my appreciation for the infusion of different cultures in Singapore. At the same time, it has allowed me to appreciate the different cultures in Singapore. I really consider myself lucky.
DATE:
TIME: ||3:00 PM ||
Little Vietnam - Overview
So far, in Joo Chiat,we have found a congregation of Vietnamese and authentic Vietnamese cuisine. (After returning home, we searched the internet and found several blog entries of Long Phung. Among them were several Singaporeans who had previously travelled to Vietnam and tasted the local dishes and they praised Long Phung for their authentic taste.) But is this sufficient evidence to begin calling Joo Chiat a Little Vietnam?
Many Vietnamese girls have been lured to Singapore over the years with job opportunities as karaoke hostesses and night walkers. The profusion of karaoke lounges and pubs found in the area of Joo Chiat have led to the girls flocking in the area. (Here’s an article that which may explain the congregation of pubs and karaoke lounges in the district http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2006/yax-619.htm.) This has led to business opportunities for people like Long Phung’s lady boss, who realizing that there were a lot of Vietnamese in the area, decided to open an eatery selling Vietnamese cuisine. The introduction of authentic Vietnamese cuisine has in turn attracted Vietnamese students and professionals, who are living in Singapore, and patronize the eateries to have a taste of home. Not forgetting other curious people (like us), who having heard of the name, have popped down to have a taste too.
However, to simply declare Joo Chiat as a whole to be ‘Little Vietnam’ would appear to be a hasty generalization. An short interview from Razor TV shows us an insight why.
While Singaporeans are content to give ‘Little Vietnam’ its name by this influx of Vietnamese locals and eateries gathering in the area, Vietnamese still feel that these changes are superficial and are insufficient to justify the name. Firstly, people (especially a biased population that is mainly made up of one gender – karaoke hostesses and mail-order brides) and food does not necessarily translate into culture. Other things like religion, social belonging, architecture, these things all play a part in culture. While the Vietnamese have brought their people, language and food to Joo Chiat, it has yet to seep into the place and taken a life of its own. Given time, vietnamese culture may mature and become inextricably linked to the place, but not yet. As of now, the Vietnamese are still in the midst of etching out a place they can call their own here in Joo Chiat.
DATE:
TIME: ||9:07 AM ||
Little Vietnam - Part Two
Our second visit to ‘Little Vietnam’, this time, we chose to come at night. Long Phung, the Vietnamese eatery that we had previously visited is filled upon our arrival at dinner time, around 7 in the evening. There was even a queue outside!
But that wasn’t the main objective of the trip today (although the sights and smells of savoury food were definitely tempting). Today, we wanted to see ‘Little Vietnam’ in the evening, as the area came to life with bright neon lights and night revellers. Along the five-foot ways, girls in flimsy outfits stood, flirting with the approaching men. Music blared from the dim recesses of the pubs whenever someone opened the door to enter or exit. The night had started.
We were trying to screw up the courage to interview some of the ‘working girls’, but… we didn’t dare to. And they were busy…
Halfway through exploring the sleaze, we were side tracked by the sight of the very same traditional conical Vietnamese hat, still hanging from the bicycle, from the previous visit.
It could become a landmark of its own. The bike (and hat) is the property of Betel Box Hostel. Caught snooping around taking photos outside by a staff of the Betel Box, we… And that is a story for tomorrow because today was a long day and I desperately need to go to bed now.
DATE:
TIME: ||2:06 AM ||
A Surprise!
Following up from yesterday’s post, caught snooping around with the camera outside Betel Box, we were warmly invited by the staff to take photos of the interior of the hostel. They had lovely hand painted wall murals of Joo Chiat.
And then, the friendly staff said, “And you must check out the toilet!”
And ta-dah! This was what we found!
A toilet wallpapered with the paranormal views of Joo Chiat Road. Pretty isn’t it? With such a delightful hostel, I wish that I was backpacking around Singapore.
Exiting the toilet, on hearing that we were doing a project on Joo Chiat, the hostel owner, Tony, invited us to sit in on a social gathering that he was having with a group of Joo Chiat residents/entrepreneurs.
Curiosity beckoned, and we crept into the meeting room, the gathering had started some time ago and they were in the midst of viewing a video from Channel News Asia introducing Tony and his business. Other than opening the Betel Box hostel, he also operates The Real Singapore Tours. Instead of the usual tourist attractions, he brings people to experience the ‘real Singapore, where the real Singaporeans live’. Other people talking about their exploits are the creators behind CityScoops and Urban Explorers. Dawn, one of the creators behind CityScoops, said that in their explorations of Singapore, without any idea of a destination, they would simply take the first bus that came and see where it led them to. Getting lost in wonderful places that they never knew existed, they found many things they never knew of Singapore. And for Urban Explorers, a group of friends who went places that ‘you normally wouldn’t want to go’, quoting Azy’s words and documenting these places. He showed a video they filmed of an exploration.
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=10150496818132440&set=vb.134240099958563&type=2&theater
Guess where this place is? You would NEVER guess where this is. Not Johor, not Pulau Ubin, it’s at Sentosa! No one could ever have guessed!
It was a real delight, but we had to leave halfway through to continue our exploration of the sleaze of Joo Chiat (check the photos from the previous post).
As we continued to wander along the streets of Joo Chiat, we encountered several walk-in condominiums. Here is a picture of a new walk-in condominium under construction.
These walk-in condominiums, along with the meeting we just attended (someone commented that everyone at the meeting was below the age of 45), tell of the changing demographics along the stretch of Joo Chiat.
According to government regulations, only married couples are eligible to purchase HDB flats. Singles above the age of 35 are only allowed to buy resale flats. Hence, young singles who want to be independent and live on their own are limited to private housing. Walk-in condominiums are popular among singles as they are small (one doesn’t require too big a house when living alone) and they are affordable as well. Young couples, with no plans to build a large family in the near future also favour these walk-in condominiums, which offer the luxuries of private housing on a limited budget. Another group that walk-in condominiums are popular with are also single expats. In fact, previously, out of the small gathering of slightly more than ten, three were foreigners.
The emergence of walk-in condominiums along Joo Chiat is attracting the young independents to the area. And this may lead to a change in the culture of the area.
The food industry will continue to prosper, as these young generations tend to eat out. The area will also see the appearance of hang out joints for these people to chill and relax after work or during the weekends. Places such like Everything With Fries, Awfully Chocolate, My Lovebites, and 112@Katong. Probably, a horde of entrepreneur start-ups as well, such like the gathering that we had accidentally stumbled upon. And the startings of some highbrow artistic culture (refer to High Culture?).
DATE:
TIME: ||12:49 AM ||
One of the oldest and tallest
(Title sounds cool, doesn’t it?)
Turning off East Coast Road into Ceylon Road, we find the Sri Senpaga Vinayagar Temple. It is one of the oldest (second-oldest in fact) and tallest Indian temples in Singapore and was marked as a historic site by the National Heritage Board in 2003.
It has a history that stretches all the way back to 1875. (That’s older than all our ages combined!) The temple started with humble beginnings, when a Ceylonese Tamil pioneer built a small attap-hut temple for the Lord Vinayagar (the Elephant God) statue he found next to a Senpaga tree. (This explains the name of the temple.)
Note the many elephant god statues decorating the temple.
Over the years, the temple has been upgraded and reconstructed with increasingly more sturdy materials, reflecting the growing wealth of its patrons. The work of constructing a temple started in the 1920s, with the Singapore Ceylon’s Tamils’ Association electing a committee to manage the construction. On 3 February, 1930, a consecration ceremony was held to celebrate the completion of the project. However, the temple suffered severe damage in WWII. Luckily, the main shrine escaped unscathed and with the kindness of Dr. P. Thillainathan, the temple was restored and resumed operation soon after the Japanese Occupation.
Ceylon Road, where the Sri Senpaga Vinayagar Temple is located, was so named as many Ceylon Tamils used to live along there. (Wasn’t Joo Chiat known for being an enclave for the Peranakan and Eurasian community? When did all these Tamils pop up? Well, apparently not, for these Ceylon Tamils arrived in Singapore as early back as the 19th century.)
An interesting sign in front of the temple.
Wondering if such religious tolerance has existed all along or if it was a more recent phenomenon.
But probably, any objections, if they had existed, were minimal. For just down the road, a short distance away, stands St. Hilda’s Church. It was built in 1934.
(The camera died then so this picture was obtained from PictureSG.)
Another church in the vicinity is the Church of the Holy Family in Chapel Road. Established in the 1932 and rebuilt in 1999, it was an important gathering place for the Eurasians living in the area.
Picture obtained from Church of the Holy Family’s website.
The Eurasian community was very closely knit, and Weekly Sunday worship was the perfect time for social interaction, and of course, exchange of gossip. The people were such gossip mongers. And Frankel Estate, where many Eurasians lived, was infamous as Singapore’s Peyton Place. (Peyton Place was a novel adapted into a popular TV show. It was the 1960s equivalent of the modern Gossip Girl.)
DATE: Tuesday, March 13, 2012
TIME: ||7:12 PM ||
International Joo Chiat
Hello! Ciao! Konnichiwa! Hola! (We’re international!)
Walking around Joo Chiat, one finds plenty of international cuisine.
There’s Margarita’s for Mexican food.
Al Forno’s for Italian. An Italian restaurant opened by an Italian and featuring an Italian chef, it’s true blue Italian food. Not to forget the pizzas are to die for.
LeViet, a Vietnamese café.
Waraku Casual Dining and Hong Kong Café.
Kashmir, a North Indian culinary restaurant.
And some Pinoy Cuisine.
Wineries opened by expats.
A Swiss chocolate bakery opened by a Swiss selling Swiss pasteries (Swiss rolls, nah joking, there won’t any) and CHO-CO-LATE!! (Next year’s Valentine’s Day!)
And it’s not just food in the area, we even found a shop selling tatami!
There is a burgeoning expat community in Joo Chiat. This is due to a variety of reasons. Property in the area are mostly landed property and some condominiums (towards the Parkway Parade area), which are popular housing types for the expats. The area also attracts foreigners looking to experience a more local way of life. The old-world charm of the traditional shophouses also adds to its appeal. With the growing expat community, restaurants catering to the tastes of its international residents increase, which in turn attracts more foreigners, and so it goes in a never-ending loop.
Check out an interview with an expat on why she and her family chose to move to Joo
Chiat.
http://www.expatliving.sg/article/property/singapore-property-guide/property-watch-joo-chiat-february-2011
A casual conversation with the shop owner of Echoes of the East, who is also a resident of the area, reveals that in fact, many expats have taken to living in conserved shophouses. Just a couple of streets away, exploring the row of conserved shophouses along Marshall Road reveals her words to be true.
We spy a little Caucasian girl returning home from a walk with her maid and baby
sister. (We weren’t stalking! I swear! It was a very coincidental coincidence,
but we weren’t stalking!)
A picture of the traditional five-foot way.
The neighbourhood was a curious mix of modern and traditional elements.
DATE: Tuesday, March 6, 2012
TIME: ||7:55 PM ||
The Different Faces of Buddha
The Many Faces of Buddhism
On our way to Dunman Food Centre for lunch, we spy a Thai Buddhist temple. But we were hungry, so we hurried to eat first before U-turning back to check it out.
It was a small temple; there was a statue of the Four-Faced Buddha in the front, and numerous other Buddha statues at another altar at the back.
Entering the temple, we explained that we were doing a project to the temple’s caretaker, after which he gladly answered all our questions, even showing us several files regarding the history of the temple.
Contrary to our first impression, this was not a Thai Buddhist temple but a Cambodian temple. The temple was set up by a Cambodian monk. We asked the caretaker if he knew why the Cambodian monk had come to Singapore and chosen JooChiat to set up his temple but he didn’t know. After he passed away, his followers continued to run the temple in commemoration of him.
The altar with all the Buddha statues brought over by the Cambodian monk.
The Four-Faced Buddha that made us mistake that this was a Thai Buddhist Temple. It was donated to the temple by Thai devotees.
Some interesting facts about the Four-Faced Buddha. Each of the four sides represent
different things and depending on what you are praying for, you pray to a
different side.
Front side is for Accomplishment, Offering Compassion and Prosperity
This side represents averting calamities, suppress evil and to release all gloominess and worries, Cakka
This side is for Wishes fulfilled
This side is for Knowledge
Of course, you will get your wish in just about everything if you pray to all four sides. And it never hurts to pray extra and gain some extra merit. One of the faces of the four faced Buddha was actually facing the wall. However the wall had a mirror on it as the four faced Buddha needs to see everything and not face a wall.(Really sorry we do not have a photo)
Some Indonesian batik cloth donated by Indonesian devotees. They have a regional
following!
DATE: Sunday, March 4, 2012
TIME: ||2:32 PM ||